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Copyright © 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. and Motorola, Inc. All rights reserved.

javax.microedition.lcdui
Class Image

java.lang.Object
  javax.microedition.lcdui.Image

public class Image

extends Object

The Image class is used to hold graphical image data. Image objects exist independently of the display device. They exist only in off-screen memory and will not be painted on the display unless an explicit command is issued by the application (such as within the paint() method of a Canvas) or when an Image object is placed within a Form screen or an Alert screen and that screen is made current.

Images are either mutable or immutable depending upon how they are created. Immutable images are generally created by loading image data from resource bundles, from files, or from the network. They may not be modified once created. Mutable images are created as blank images containing only white pixels. The application may render on a mutable image by calling getGraphics() on the Image to obtain a Graphics object expressly for this purpose.

Images may be placed within Alert, Choice, Form, or ImageItem objects. The high-level user interface implementation may need to update the display at any time, without notifying the application. In order to provide predictable behavior, the high-level user interface objects provide snapshot semantics for the image. That is, when a mutable image is placed within an Alert, Choice, Form, or ImageItem object, the effect is as if a snapshot is taken of its current contents. This snapshot is then used for all subsequent painting of the high-level user interface component. If the application modifies the contents of the image, the application must update the component containing the image (for example, by calling ImageItem.setImage) in order to make the modified contents visible.

An immutable image may be created from a mutable image through the use of the createImage method. It is possible to create a mutable copy of an immutable image using a technique similar to the following:

    Image source; // the image to be copied    
    source = Image.createImage(...);    
    Image copy = Image
        .createImage(source.getWidth(), source.getHeight());        
    Graphics g = copy.getGraphics();    
    g.drawImage(source, 0, 0, TOP|LEFT);       

Alpha Processing

Every pixel within a mutable image is always fully opaque. Immutable images may contain a combination of fully opaque pixels (alpha = 2bitdepth - 1), fully transparent pixels (alpha = 0), and semitransparent pixels (0 < alpha < 2bitdepth - 1), where bitdepth is the number of bits per sample in the source data.

Implementations must support storage, processing, and rendering of fully opaque pixels and fully transparent pixels in immutable images. When creating an image from source data (whether from a PNG file or from an array of ARGB data), a fully opaque pixel in the source data must always result in a fully opaque pixel in the new image, and a fully transparent pixel in the source data must always result in a fully transparent pixel in the new image.

The required treatment of semitransparent pixel data depends upon whether the implementation supports alpha blending at rendering time. If the implementation supports alpha blending, a semitransparent pixel in the source data must result in a semitransparent pixel in the new image. The resulting alpha value may be modified to accommodate the number of levels of semitransparency supported by the platform. (See the Display.numAlphaLevels() method.) If an implementation does not support alpha blending, any semitransparent pixels in the source data must be replaced with fully transparent pixels in the new image.

PNG Image Format

Implementations are required to support images stored in the PNG format, as specified by the PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification, Version 1.0. All conforming MIDP implementations are also conformant to the minimum set of requirements given by the PNG Specification. MIDP implementations also must conform to additional requirements given here with respect to handling of PNG images. Note that the requirements listed here take precedence over any conflicting recommendations given in the PNG Specification.

Critical Chunks

All of the 'critical' chunks specified by PNG must be supported. The paragraphs below describe these critical chunks.

The IHDR chunk. MIDP devices must handle the following values in the IHDR chunk:

• All positive values of width and height are supported; however, a very large image may not be readable because of memory constraints. The dimensions of the resulting Image object must match the dimensions of the PNG image. That is, the values returned by getWidth() and getHeight() and the rendered width and height must equal the width and height specified in the IHDR chunk.
• All color types are supported, although the appearance of the image will be dependent on the capabilities of the device's screen. Color types that include alpha channel data are supported.
• For color types 4 & 6 (grayscale with alpha and RGB with alpha, respectively) the alpha channel must be decoded. Any pixels with an alpha value of zero must be treated as transparent. Any pixels with an alpha value of 255 (for images with 8 bits per sample) or 65535 (for images with 16 bits per sample) must be treated as opaque. If rendering with alpha blending is supported, any pixels with intermediate alpha values must be carried through to the resulting image. If alpha blending is not supported, any pixels with intermediate alpha values must be replaced with fully transparent pixels.
• All bit depth values for the given color type are supported.
• Compression method 0 (deflate) is the only supported compression method. This method utilizes the "zlib" compression scheme, which is also used for jar files; thus, the decompression (inflate) code may be shared between the jar decoding and PNG decoding implementations. As noted in the PNG specification, the compressed data stream may comprised internally of both compressed and uncompressed (raw) data.
• The filter method represents a series of encoding schemes that may be used to optimize compression. The PNG spec currently defines a single filter method (method 0) that is an adaptive filtering scheme with five basic filter types. Filtering is essential for optimal compression since it allows the deflate algorithm to exploit spatial similarities within the image. Therefore, MIDP devices must support all five filter types defined by filter method 0.
• MIDP devices are required to read PNG images that are encoded with either interlace method 0 (None) or interlace method 1 (Adam7). Image loading in MIDP is synchronous and cannot be overlapped with image rendering, and so there is no advantage for an application to use interlace method 1. Support for decoding interlaced images is required for compatibility with PNG and for the convenience of developers who may already have interlaced images available.

The PLTE chunk. Palette-based images must be supported.

The IDAT chunk. Image data may be encoded using any of the 5 filter types defined by filter method 0 (None, Sub, Up, Average, Paeth).

The IEND chunk. This chunk must be found in order for the image to be considered valid.

Ancillary Chunks

PNG defines several 'ancillary' chunks that may be present in a PNG image but are not critical for image decoding.

The tRNS chunk. All implementations must support the tRNS chunk. This chunk is used to implement transparency without providing alpha channel data for each pixel. For color types 0 and 2, a particular gray or RGB value is defined to be a transparent pixel. In this case, the implementation must treat pixels with this value as fully transparent. Pixel value comparison must be based on the actual pixel values using the original sample depth; that is, this comparison must be performed before the pixel values are resampled to reflect the display capabilities of the device. For color type 3 (indexed color), 8-bit alpha values are potentially provided for each entry in the color palette. In this case, the implementation must treat pixels with an alpha value of 0 as fully transparent, and it must treat pixels with an alpha value of 255 as fully opaque. If rendering with alpha blending is supported, any pixels with intermediate alpha values must be carried through to the resulting image. If alpha blending is not supported, any pixels with intermediate alpha values must be replaced with fully transparent pixels.

The implementation may (but is not required to) support any of the other ancillary chunks. The implementation must silently ignore any unsupported ancillary chunks that it encounters. The currently defined optional ancillary chunks are:

    cHRM gAMA hIST iCCP iTXt pHYs
    sBIT sPLT sRGB tEXt tIME zTXt 

Reference

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification, Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation, October 1, 1996. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-png.html. Also available as RFC 2083, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2083.txt.

Since:

MIDP 1.0

Method Summary

static Image	createImage(byte[] imageData, int imageOffset, int imageLength) Creates an immutable image which is decoded from the data stored in the specified byte array at the specified offset and length.
static Image	createImage(Image source) Creates an immutable image from a source image.
static Image	createImage(Image image, int x, int y, int width, int height, int transform) Creates an immutable image using pixel data from the specified region of a source image, transformed as specified.
static Image	createImage(InputStream stream) Creates an immutable image from decoded image data obtained from an InputStream.
static Image	createImage(int width, int height) Creates a new, mutable image for off-screen drawing.
static Image	createImage(String name) Creates an immutable image from decoded image data obtained from the named resource.
static Image	createRGBImage(int[] rgb, int width, int height, boolean processAlpha) Creates an immutable image from a sequence of ARGB values, specified as 0xAARRGGBB.
Graphics	getGraphics() Creates a new Graphics object that renders to this image.
int	getHeight() Gets the height of the image in pixels.
void	getRGB(int[] rgbData, int offset, int scanlength, int x, int y, int width, int height) Obtains ARGB pixel data from the specified region of this image and stores it in the provided array of integers.
int	getWidth() Gets the width of the image in pixels.
boolean	isMutable() Check if this image is mutable.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Method Detail

createImage

public static Image createImage(int width,
                                int height)

Creates a new, mutable image for off-screen drawing. Every pixel within the newly created image is white. The width and height of the image must both be greater than zero.

Parameters:

width - the width of the new image, in pixels

height - the height of the new image, in pixels

Returns:

the created image

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if either width or height is zero or less

createImage

public static Image createImage(Image source)

Creates an immutable image from a source image. If the source image is mutable, an immutable copy is created and returned. If the source image is immutable, the implementation may simply return it without creating a new image. If an immutable source image contains transparency information, this information is copied to the new image unchanged.

This method is useful for placing the contents of mutable images into Choice objects. The application can create an off-screen image using the createImage(w, h) method, draw into it using a Graphics object obtained with the getGraphics() method, and then create an immutable copy of it with this method. The immutable copy may then be placed into Choice objects.

Parameters:

source - the source image to be copied

Returns:

the new, immutable image

Throws:

NullPointerException - if source is null

createImage

public static Image createImage(String name)
                         throws IOException

Creates an immutable image from decoded image data obtained from the named resource. The name parameter is a resource name as defined by Class.getResourceAsStream(name). The rules for resolving resource names are defined in the Application Resource Files section of the java.lang package documentation.

Parameters:

name - the name of the resource containing the image data in one of the supported image formats

Returns:

the created image

Throws:

NullPointerException - if name is null

IOException - if the resource does not exist, the data cannot be loaded, or the image data cannot be decoded

createImage

public static Image createImage(byte[] imageData,
                                int imageOffset,
                                int imageLength)

Creates an immutable image which is decoded from the data stored in the specified byte array at the specified offset and length. The data must be in a self-identifying image file format supported by the implementation, such as PNG.

The imageoffset and imagelength parameters specify a range of data within the imageData byte array. The imageOffset parameter specifies the offset into the array of the first data byte to be used. It must therefore lie within the range [0..(imageData.length-1)]. The imageLength parameter specifies the number of data bytes to be used. It must be a positive integer and it must not cause the range to extend beyond the end of the array. That is, it must be true that imageOffset + imageLength < imageData.length.

This method is intended for use when loading an image from a variety of sources, such as from persistent storage or from the network.

Parameters:

imageData - the array of image data in a supported image format

imageOffset - the offset of the start of the data in the array

imageLength - the length of the data in the array

Returns:

the created image

Throws:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if imageOffset and imageLength specify an invalid range

NullPointerException - if imageData is null

IllegalArgumentException - if imageData is incorrectly formatted or otherwise cannot be decoded

createImage

public static Image createImage(Image image,
                                int x,
                                int y,
                                int width,
                                int height,
                                int transform)

Creates an immutable image using pixel data from the specified region of a source image, transformed as specified.

The source image may be mutable or immutable. For immutable source images, transparency information, if any, is copied to the new image unchanged.

On some devices, pre-transformed images may render more quickly than images that are transformed on the fly using drawRegion. However, creating such images does consume additional heap space, so this technique should be applied only to images whose rendering speed is critical.

The transform function used must be one of the following, as defined in the Sprite class:
Sprite.TRANS_NONE - causes the specified image region to be copied unchanged
Sprite.TRANS_ROT90 - causes the specified image region to be rotated clockwise by 90 degrees.
Sprite.TRANS_ROT180 - causes the specified image region to be rotated clockwise by 180 degrees.
Sprite.TRANS_ROT270 - causes the specified image region to be rotated clockwise by 270 degrees.
Sprite.TRANS_MIRROR - causes the specified image region to be reflected about its vertical center.
Sprite.TRANS_MIRROR_ROT90 - causes the specified image region to be reflected about its vertical center and then rotated clockwise by 90 degrees.
Sprite.TRANS_MIRROR_ROT180 - causes the specified image region to be reflected about its vertical center and then rotated clockwise by 180 degrees.
Sprite.TRANS_MIRROR_ROT270 - causes the specified image region to be reflected about its vertical center and then rotated clockwise by 270 degrees.

The size of the returned image will be the size of the specified region with the transform applied. For example, if the region is 100 x 50 pixels and the transform is TRANS_ROT90, the returned image will be 50 x 100 pixels.

Note: If all of the following conditions are met, this method may simply return the source Image without creating a new one:

• the source image is immutable;
• the region represents the entire source image; and
• the transform is TRANS_NONE.

Parameters:

image - the source image to be copied from

x - the horizontal location of the region to be copied

y - the vertical location of the region to be copied

width - the width of the region to be copied

height - the height of the region to be copied

transform - the transform to be applied to the region

Returns:

the new, immutable image

Throws:

NullPointerException - if image is null

IllegalArgumentException - if the region to be copied exceeds the bounds of the source image

IllegalArgumentException - if either width or height is zero or less

IllegalArgumentException - if the transform is not valid

Since:

MIDP 2.0

getGraphics

public Graphics getGraphics()

Creates a new Graphics object that renders to this image. This image must be mutable; it is illegal to call this method on an immutable image. The mutability of an image may be tested with the isMutable() method.

The newly created Graphics object has the following properties:

• the destination is this Image object;
• the clip region encompasses the entire Image;
• the current color is black;
• the font is the same as the font returned by Font.getDefaultFont();
• the stroke style is SOLID; and
• the origin of the coordinate system is located at the upper-left corner of the Image.

The lifetime of Graphics objects created using this method is indefinite. They may be used at any time, by any thread.

Returns:

a Graphics object with this image as its destination

Throws:

IllegalStateException - if the image is immutable

getWidth

public int getWidth()

Gets the width of the image in pixels. The value returned must reflect the actual width of the image when rendered.

Returns:

width of the image

getHeight

public int getHeight()

Gets the height of the image in pixels. The value returned must reflect the actual height of the image when rendered.

Returns:

height of the image

isMutable

public boolean isMutable()

Check if this image is mutable. Mutable images can be modified by rendering to them through a Graphics object obtained from the getGraphics() method of this object.

Returns:

true if the image is mutable, false otherwise

createImage

public static Image createImage(InputStream stream)
                         throws IOException

Creates an immutable image from decoded image data obtained from an InputStream. This method blocks until all image data has been read and decoded. After this method completes (whether by returning or by throwing an exception) the stream is left open and its current position is undefined.

Parameters:

stream - the name of the resource containing the image data in one of the supported image formats

Returns:

the created image

Throws:

NullPointerException - if stream is null

IOException - if an I/O error occurs, if the image data cannot be loaded, or if the image data cannot be decoded

Since:

MIDP 2.0

createRGBImage

public static Image createRGBImage(int[] rgb,
                                   int width,
                                   int height,
                                   boolean processAlpha)

Creates an immutable image from a sequence of ARGB values, specified as 0xAARRGGBB. The ARGB data within the rgb array is arranged horizontally from left to right within each row, row by row from top to bottom. If processAlpha is true, the high-order byte specifies opacity; that is, 0x00RRGGBB specifies a fully transparent pixel and 0xFFRRGGBB specifies a fully opaque pixel. Intermediate alpha values specify semitransparency. If the implementation does not support alpha blending for image rendering operations, it must replace any semitransparent pixels with fully transparent pixels. (See Alpha Processing for further discussion.) If processAlpha is false, the alpha values are ignored and all pixels must be treated as fully opaque.

Consider P(a,b) to be the value of the pixel located at column a and row b of the Image, where rows and columns are numbered downward from the top starting at zero, and columns are numbered rightward from the left starting at zero. This operation can then be defined as:

    P(a, b) = rgb[a + b * width];    

for

     0 <= a < width
     0 <= b < height    

Parameters:

rgb - an array of ARGB values that composes the image

width - the width of the image

height - the height of the image

processAlpha - true if rgb has an alpha channel, false if all pixels are fully opaque

Returns:

the created image

Throws:

NullPointerException - if rgb is null.

IllegalArgumentException - if either width or height is zero or less

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if the length of rgb is less than width * height.

Since:

MIDP 2.0

getRGB

public void getRGB(int[] rgbData,
                   int offset,
                   int scanlength,
                   int x,
                   int y,
                   int width,
                   int height)

Obtains ARGB pixel data from the specified region of this image and stores it in the provided array of integers. Each pixel value is stored in 0xAARRGGBB format, where the high-order byte contains the alpha channel and the remaining bytes contain color components for red, green and blue, respectively. The alpha channel specifies the opacity of the pixel, where a value of 0x00 represents a pixel that is fully transparent and a value of 0xFF represents a fully opaque pixel.

The returned values are not guaranteed to be identical to values from the original source, such as from createRGBImage or from a PNG image. Color values may be resampled to reflect the display capabilities of the device (for example, red, green or blue pixels may all be represented by the same gray value on a grayscale device). On devices that do not support alpha blending, the alpha value will be 0xFF for opaque pixels and 0x00 for all other pixels (see Alpha Processing for further discussion.) On devices that support alpha blending, alpha channel values may be resampled to reflect the number of levels of semitransparency supported.

The scanlength specifies the relative offset within the array between the corresponding pixels of consecutive rows. In order to prevent rows of stored pixels from overlapping, the absolute value of scanlength must be greater than or equal to width. Negative values of scanlength are allowed. In all cases, this must result in every reference being within the bounds of the rgbData array.

Consider P(a,b) to be the value of the pixel located at column a and row b of the Image, where rows and columns are numbered downward from the top starting at zero, and columns are numbered rightward from the left starting at zero. This operation can then be defined as:

    rgbData[offset + (a - x) + (b - y) * scanlength] = P(a, b);

for

     x <= a < x + width
     y <= b < y + height    

The source rectangle is required to not exceed the bounds of the image. This means:

   x >= 0
   y >= 0
   x + width <= image width
   y + height <= image height    

If any of these conditions is not met an IllegalArgumentException is thrown. Otherwise, in cases where width <= 0 or height <= 0, no exception is thrown, and no pixel data is copied to rgbData.

Parameters:

rgbData - an array of integers in which the ARGB pixel data is stored

offset - the index into the array where the first ARGB value is stored

scanlength - the relative offset in the array between corresponding pixels in consecutive rows of the region

x - the x-coordinate of the upper left corner of the region

y - the y-coordinate of the upper left corner of the region

width - the width of the region

height - the height of the region

Throws:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if the requested operation would attempt to access an element in the rgbData array whose index is either negative or beyond its length (the contents of the array are unchanged)

IllegalArgumentException - if the area being retrieved exceeds the bounds of the source image

IllegalArgumentException - if the absolute value of scanlength is less than width

NullPointerException - if rgbData is null

Since:

MIDP 2.0